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Physical Characteristics of the Deep Sea
Light:
Deep sea 200 meters below where sunlight is inappropriate for photosynthesis begins . From about 1,000 meters , mesopelagic zone or "Twilight " sunlight continued to decrease until it is completely gone . All other colors of light are absorbed in depth , because the weak light, the color , the blue deep . Ocean waters deeper than 1,000 m below the sun is black as night concerned . And yet , there is some light . Deeply ( with lights ) are frequently immersed in a submerged , floating , rotating , zooming flashes of light " Light Show " was fascinated by the experience . This bioluminescence, the light generates heat , and the chemical reaction is very common is a microbe or animal body . And yet , this light is less than sunlight , so the animals - such as the mesopelagic zone - needs special sensory adaptations . Capture what little light there is such great legs as stout blacksmelt many species of deep-sea fish . Tripodfishes like other animals , including the blind and enhanced flavor instead of the other senses , trust , touch and vibración.Los scientists bioluminescence six different functions ( not used any kind of ) that believe : Lighthouses , such as lantern fish (photophores called ) in light of the experience forward ; rape pendants " fishing lures" to lure their victims are curious as decoys;; counterillumination to attract a mate social cues such as the unique light patterns which rows of photophores of mesopelagic fish stomach ( by predatory fish them disappear down ) from the blue to match the weak sunlight lighting products ; predators or prey to confusion , as well as some squid stun their prey , and to divert the attention of the decoys as bright flashes emitted by the glowing green spots worms green bombers , and " burglar alarm " which exposed her to an animal being attacked as a big forward Predator ( " police " ) to ( " thief " ) and see the thief goes after her . Some swimmers even coat holoturias their attackers with sticky mucus so " police " the most bioluminescence glowing blue or blue- hunters can find many minutes - . Green , who traveled far into the water because of the colors . It 's the color of sunshine on the depth disappears, because the animals have lost the ability to see the red light . But some creatures like the dragon fish , have evolved the ability to produce red light . In this light , dragon fish, it is not even know they're drunk, you have a secret to shine light on the dam " sniper " you can see !
Pressure:
Given the volume of water in the deepest parts of the ocean , it is the most important environmental factors affecting the hydrostatic pressure of the sea life is amazing . Pressure increases 1 atmosphere for every 10 meters deep ( ATM ) . Deep- sea depth of about 11,000 meters from 200 meters varies Therefore , the pressure varies from 20 to more than 1100 ATM . High pressure will be crushed , because of air pockets as the fish swim bladders , but many can not compress water itself . Instead , the high- pressure complex biomolecules distorts - the membranes and proteins - which all life depends on . In fact , many food companies are now using high pressure to sterilize their product as packaged meats . Lives in two ways to address the effects of pressure on biomolecules seem . First , the membrane protein structures are still not fully understood, the mechanisms by which stress- resistant , but their biomolecules does not work well in shallow water at low pressure . Second , some companies ( for the pressure "piezin" from the Greek ) "piezolytes" can be used . Somehow the pressure of large biomolecules to avoid distorting the newly discovered small organic molecules . One piezolytes trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) is . It gives rise to the smell of fish, marine fish and shrimp , because these molecules are known to most people . TMAO shallow marine fish and shrimp that people routinely eat in the lower level , but TMAO levels consistent with the increase in depth and the other species is the pressure . More people now smells of fish fisheries fishing deep with some Grenadiers ! Animals deep-sea fishing , gas ( high pressure -filled swim bladder adapted to tolerate some ( but not most ) cases , sunken nets and boxes of samples usually die from great depths to the surface ) Mortal size expands . However , the majority of life on the high seas, the air bag does not expand as the pressure falls during recovery . Biomolecules , it seems to be too much for the offshore life , because instead , it does not work well in their biomolecules , because of the rapid pressure and temperature changes kill ( not the high seems OTMA ) work surface . DEEPWATER technology advances, the study of scientists to reach the surface pressure in the chamber is allowed to collect samples of the species . Pressure adapted microbes recovered from the trenches up to 11,000 meters , and these adaptations ( biomolecules piezolytes resistant pressure ) have been found in the laboratory . However , studies in animals to adapt to the stress of just over 5000 meters . Adjustments greater depths up to 11,000 m working in those depths , if we do not know .
Temperature:
Except in polar waters , euphotic or sunlit , surface waters around the area and the temperature difference can be dramatic, because the thermocline, or the separation of layers of water of different temperatures . In the tropics , for example , 20 ° C- cold water in the hot water depths thick a layer above the floats. In most of the deep sea , the water temperature is more uniform and constant . Hydrothermal vents , where hot water flowed into shallow water , without the community , the deeper waters of the sea water temperature is not constant , but from about -1 ° 4 in C remains deep ( Note that , because of the salt sea water freezes at -1,8 ° he thousand ) . Will simply float to the surface , as if frozen in ice , somehow ! Life in the pit in the surface of the polar seas and marine life in the same way as that seems to adapt to the severe cold . This " loose " flexible protein and unsaturated membranes are not cold hardy . Membranes made with fat and good work will be somewhat flexible , so you can be in your kitchen is familiar with this combination . An unsaturated fats - olive oil , semi solid and have a good flexible membrane , the Amazon , is a saturated fat , it is very hard on your fridge and cold to the poor membrane . However , as the pressure , there is a tradeoff : the loose and the membranes of cold -adapted organisms cleave proteins at high temperatures ( as well as olive oil, are liquid at room temperature ) .
Oxygen :
Many of the deep sea, cold , dark waters there is enough oxygen . Dissolved oxygen than cold water, hot water , and surface water because it is usually deep in the polar seas . They are dense enough to sink to the bottom of the sea in some places in the North and the South Seas , oxygen-rich water cooled . There is not enough biomass to use it because of this so-called thermohaline currents , traveling around the world cross , and you can have enough oxygen for life . However , no thermohaline currents produced by photosynthesis and intermediate regions where there is no oxygen in the oxygen -poor environment , also . 1000 m in the temperate and tropical regions - these regions , usually found at depths of 500 oxygen- minimum zone , said . Here , animals , and the result may be a drop in the water column near zero in some areas , arranged through the use of oxygen that bacteria feed on decaying food particles . Biologists are still scarce food supply because of this fascinating region, some methods have been developed to investigate how animals survive the DEEPWATER condiciones.comidaCriaturas . And deep in other organisms - microbes , algae , decomposing remains of plants and animals in the ocean - in the absence of photosynthesis , most of the diet is detritus . Detritus of this " rain " on the seabed scavengers and feed on sea cucumbers ( the most common Benthic animal depths ) , starfish ( top photo ) , and include infantry fish tail or rat . Sink to the bottom of the big animals such as whales , deep- sea animals bodies provide for a rare but huge parties and is consumed by a variety of species . Structure rising - scavengers sharks , crabs , and ( Bone Eater meaning of Osedax , ) is a newly discovered group of worms , from the inside out fast consuming , carcasses jawless fish like lampreys in the hole , which include the route of the bone marrow form !
Light:
Deep sea 200 meters below where sunlight is inappropriate for photosynthesis begins . From about 1,000 meters , mesopelagic zone or "Twilight " sunlight continued to decrease until it is completely gone . All other colors of light are absorbed in depth , because the weak light, the color , the blue deep . Ocean waters deeper than 1,000 m below the sun is black as night concerned . And yet , there is some light . Deeply ( with lights ) are frequently immersed in a submerged , floating , rotating , zooming flashes of light " Light Show " was fascinated by the experience . This bioluminescence, the light generates heat , and the chemical reaction is very common is a microbe or animal body . And yet , this light is less than sunlight , so the animals - such as the mesopelagic zone - needs special sensory adaptations . Capture what little light there is such great legs as stout blacksmelt many species of deep-sea fish . Tripodfishes like other animals , including the blind and enhanced flavor instead of the other senses , trust , touch and vibración.Los scientists bioluminescence six different functions ( not used any kind of ) that believe : Lighthouses , such as lantern fish (photophores called ) in light of the experience forward ; rape pendants " fishing lures" to lure their victims are curious as decoys;; counterillumination to attract a mate social cues such as the unique light patterns which rows of photophores of mesopelagic fish stomach ( by predatory fish them disappear down ) from the blue to match the weak sunlight lighting products ; predators or prey to confusion , as well as some squid stun their prey , and to divert the attention of the decoys as bright flashes emitted by the glowing green spots worms green bombers , and " burglar alarm " which exposed her to an animal being attacked as a big forward Predator ( " police " ) to ( " thief " ) and see the thief goes after her . Some swimmers even coat holoturias their attackers with sticky mucus so " police " the most bioluminescence glowing blue or blue- hunters can find many minutes - . Green , who traveled far into the water because of the colors . It 's the color of sunshine on the depth disappears, because the animals have lost the ability to see the red light . But some creatures like the dragon fish , have evolved the ability to produce red light . In this light , dragon fish, it is not even know they're drunk, you have a secret to shine light on the dam " sniper " you can see !
Pressure:
Given the volume of water in the deepest parts of the ocean , it is the most important environmental factors affecting the hydrostatic pressure of the sea life is amazing . Pressure increases 1 atmosphere for every 10 meters deep ( ATM ) . Deep- sea depth of about 11,000 meters from 200 meters varies Therefore , the pressure varies from 20 to more than 1100 ATM . High pressure will be crushed , because of air pockets as the fish swim bladders , but many can not compress water itself . Instead , the high- pressure complex biomolecules distorts - the membranes and proteins - which all life depends on . In fact , many food companies are now using high pressure to sterilize their product as packaged meats . Lives in two ways to address the effects of pressure on biomolecules seem . First , the membrane protein structures are still not fully understood, the mechanisms by which stress- resistant , but their biomolecules does not work well in shallow water at low pressure . Second , some companies ( for the pressure "piezin" from the Greek ) "piezolytes" can be used . Somehow the pressure of large biomolecules to avoid distorting the newly discovered small organic molecules . One piezolytes trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) is . It gives rise to the smell of fish, marine fish and shrimp , because these molecules are known to most people . TMAO shallow marine fish and shrimp that people routinely eat in the lower level , but TMAO levels consistent with the increase in depth and the other species is the pressure . More people now smells of fish fisheries fishing deep with some Grenadiers ! Animals deep-sea fishing , gas ( high pressure -filled swim bladder adapted to tolerate some ( but not most ) cases , sunken nets and boxes of samples usually die from great depths to the surface ) Mortal size expands . However , the majority of life on the high seas, the air bag does not expand as the pressure falls during recovery . Biomolecules , it seems to be too much for the offshore life , because instead , it does not work well in their biomolecules , because of the rapid pressure and temperature changes kill ( not the high seems OTMA ) work surface . DEEPWATER technology advances, the study of scientists to reach the surface pressure in the chamber is allowed to collect samples of the species . Pressure adapted microbes recovered from the trenches up to 11,000 meters , and these adaptations ( biomolecules piezolytes resistant pressure ) have been found in the laboratory . However , studies in animals to adapt to the stress of just over 5000 meters . Adjustments greater depths up to 11,000 m working in those depths , if we do not know .
Temperature:
Except in polar waters , euphotic or sunlit , surface waters around the area and the temperature difference can be dramatic, because the thermocline, or the separation of layers of water of different temperatures . In the tropics , for example , 20 ° C- cold water in the hot water depths thick a layer above the floats. In most of the deep sea , the water temperature is more uniform and constant . Hydrothermal vents , where hot water flowed into shallow water , without the community , the deeper waters of the sea water temperature is not constant , but from about -1 ° 4 in C remains deep ( Note that , because of the salt sea water freezes at -1,8 ° he thousand ) . Will simply float to the surface , as if frozen in ice , somehow ! Life in the pit in the surface of the polar seas and marine life in the same way as that seems to adapt to the severe cold . This " loose " flexible protein and unsaturated membranes are not cold hardy . Membranes made with fat and good work will be somewhat flexible , so you can be in your kitchen is familiar with this combination . An unsaturated fats - olive oil , semi solid and have a good flexible membrane , the Amazon , is a saturated fat , it is very hard on your fridge and cold to the poor membrane . However , as the pressure , there is a tradeoff : the loose and the membranes of cold -adapted organisms cleave proteins at high temperatures ( as well as olive oil, are liquid at room temperature ) .
Oxygen :
Many of the deep sea, cold , dark waters there is enough oxygen . Dissolved oxygen than cold water, hot water , and surface water because it is usually deep in the polar seas . They are dense enough to sink to the bottom of the sea in some places in the North and the South Seas , oxygen-rich water cooled . There is not enough biomass to use it because of this so-called thermohaline currents , traveling around the world cross , and you can have enough oxygen for life . However , no thermohaline currents produced by photosynthesis and intermediate regions where there is no oxygen in the oxygen -poor environment , also . 1000 m in the temperate and tropical regions - these regions , usually found at depths of 500 oxygen- minimum zone , said . Here , animals , and the result may be a drop in the water column near zero in some areas , arranged through the use of oxygen that bacteria feed on decaying food particles . Biologists are still scarce food supply because of this fascinating region, some methods have been developed to investigate how animals survive the DEEPWATER condiciones.comidaCriaturas . And deep in other organisms - microbes , algae , decomposing remains of plants and animals in the ocean - in the absence of photosynthesis , most of the diet is detritus . Detritus of this " rain " on the seabed scavengers and feed on sea cucumbers ( the most common Benthic animal depths ) , starfish ( top photo ) , and include infantry fish tail or rat . Sink to the bottom of the big animals such as whales , deep- sea animals bodies provide for a rare but huge parties and is consumed by a variety of species . Structure rising - scavengers sharks , crabs , and ( Bone Eater meaning of Osedax , ) is a newly discovered group of worms , from the inside out fast consuming , carcasses jawless fish like lampreys in the hole , which include the route of the bone marrow form !